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1. 关于不定式
1）不定式作介词宾语时，如前面有实义动词do（各种形式），则不定式不带to；否则不能省to。
He did nothing all the morning but watch TV.
He said nothing but to sleep.
2）不定式作定语时，如果不定式与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且不定式的动词是不及物动词，记住别漏掉介词。
I want a small room to live in. / I need a nice pen to write with.
3）不定式作感官动词和部分使役动词(let, make)的宾补，动词不定式不带to，但句子变成被动语态时，要带to。
I saw him go into the room.→ He was seen to go into the room.
语法易错题
英语单词快速记忆
高中英语课本
2. 关于分词
1) 现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。
I saw him walking across the road. (正在穿过马路)
I saw him walk across the road. (看到全过程，过了马路)
2）及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)都有被动意义，前者表示动作完成，后者表示动作在进行。
The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(已经被订在墙上了)
The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (正被订在墙上)
注意：不定式有表将来之意。
The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (将要被订在墙上)
3) 分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with/without引导的介词短语表达。
Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises.
His work finished, he prepared to go home.
With his work finished, he prepared to go home.
3. 关于动名词
1）动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途，而现在分词表动作或状态、特征。
2）动名词的复合结构作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。但作主语不行。Do you mind my/me/Tom smoking here?
My/Tom’s smoking here annoyed him.
3）动名词作主语还可用于“There be no+动名词”结构和“布告形式的省略结构中。
There is no knowing what he will do next. 不知道他下一步会做什么。
No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. 1) ___________ to the left, and you’ll see the bus stop.
2) ___________ to the left, you’ll see the bus stop. (turn)
2. 1) ___________ many times, he still couldn’t understand the question.
2) ___________ me the bad news, he went out of the room sadly. (tell)
3. 1) Nothing could make us _________ up the hope.
2) Crusoe made a candle __________ light. (give)
4. 1) I want __________ your bag.
2) Your eyes want ___________.
3) I want my eyes ________ this afternoon.(examine)
5. 1) What’s the way Smith thought of _________ enough money to buy the new house?
2) I’m thinking of _________ Tom to repair my bike. (get)
6. 1) We don’t allow _________ in the office because of the public health.
2) We don’t allow anyone _________ in the office because of the public health.(smoke)
7. 1) My little brother enjoys nothing but __________ to music.
2) My little brother does nothing all day but __________ to music.
3) My little brother had no choice but ____________ to me.( listen)
8. 1) The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself ______________ . (hear)
2) The teacher raised his voice in order to make his students ___________ what he said.
3) The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _______________ .
9. 1) The problem is worth __________________ again .
2) The problem is worthy _________________ again .
3) The problem is worthy of __________________ . (discuss)
10. 1) It passes right through their bodies , only ______ (get) a little thicker and sweeter .
2) He worked harder only ______ (fail) again .
11. 1) No one can stop us _______________ questions.
2) We stopped ____________ a schoolboy the way to the teachers’ office. (ask)
12. 1) _____________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
2)Nearly every great building in Beijing was built _____________ south. (face)
13. 1) The parents’ meeting ________________ next Saturday is very important.
2) The 29th Olympic Games _____________ in Beijing was a great success.
3) The parents’ meeting __________________ in our school now is important.(hold)
14. 1) ____________ this cake, you need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.
2) ________________ the cake, she got down to cooking some milk.
3) I lost my way in complete darkness and, _________________ matters worse, it began to rain. (make)
15. 1) The room is so dirty that I can’t help _____________________ it.
2) I’m too busy, so I can’t help _________________ the room.
3) The room is too dirty. I can’t help but ________________ it. (clean)
16. 1) I knew I would be busy today, so I had my paper _______________ last night.
2) I can’t go with you. I have some papers ________________.
3) Do you have any papers _____________________ , sir? (type)
17. 1) With many problems ________________ , the president will have a hard time.
2) With the problem _______________, he had a good sleep last night.
3) With the secretary ______________ the problem, he is reading the newspaper leisurely in the office. (settle)
18. 1) “I ever saw him _____________ an old man of 500 yuan,” he said to the police.
2) He was seen ________________ an old man of 500 yuan in the street yesterday.
3) Unluckily, the policeman saw him _______________ an old man around the corner. (cheat)
19. The film was ________________ and all of us were very _________________ . (disappoint)
20. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks __________________ (open and close) could be heard outside the classroom.
答案：I 1. Turn; Turning 2. Having been told/Told; Having told 3. give; to give 4.to examine; examining/to be examined; to be examined/examined 5. to get; getting 6. smoking; to smoke 7.listening; listen; to listen 8. heard; hear; to be heard 9. discussing; to be discussed; being discussed 10. getting; to fail
11. asking; to ask 12. Faced; facing 13. to be held; held; being held 14. To make; Having made; to make
15. cleaning; (to) clean; clean 16. typed; to type; to be typed 17. to settle; settled; settling
18. cheat; to cheat; cheating 19. disappointing; disappointed 20. being opened and closed
