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英语语法：until
1. It句型与until
句型：It was not until（句子或时间词组）that（句子）
It was not until he saw the traffic lights that he realized the danger.
2. 否定与until
句型. 主语＋肯定谓语＋until＋从句.（谓语动词为延续性动词）
比较：主语＋否定谓语＋until+从句。（谓语动词为瞬间动词）如：
He didn’t realize the danger until he saw the traffic lights.
I worked until he came back.我一直工作到他回来。
I didn't worked until he came back.他回来我才开始工作。
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3. 倒装结构与until
句型：Not until（句子或时间词组）+部分倒装的句子结构
Not until he saw the traffic lights did he realize the danger.
例题：
35．A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity _____he reaches the end of the story .
A．when B．unless C．after D．until
42. _____ late afternoon _____ they began to deal with the major program.
A. It was until…that B. Not until…that
C. It was not until…that D. Until…that
英语语法：since
1. 完成时与since（=ever since）
当出现since引导的时间状语从句时，主句用完成时态。
I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there.
（主句现在完成；since从句过去时—迄今为止）
Great changes had taken place since he took office.
（主句过去完成；since从句过去时—到过去某时为止）
2. It句型与since
·It is/has been +段时间 +since +过去时句子
·It was + 段时间 +since +过去完成时句子
均表示：“自从……已经有……久了。”；或“已有……之久没有……了。”例如：
It has been a long time since I was happy last time. 我很久没这么开心了。
3. 原因状语从句与since（=now that）
与其他原因状语从句连词because，as相比，since的“原因”意义较弱，表示一种勉强的语气。（按照因果关系的强弱程度，分别是because—since—as）
Since there’s no more business, we can all go home.（既然没什么事我们可以回家了。）
I shall not be able to attend the meeting since I shall be on holiday with my family.
（我可能无法到会，因为彼时我在和家人度假。）
4. since的其他用法：
·介词：Everything has changed so much since last spring.（依然用完成时）
·常搭配副词：ever since=since； long since (=a long time ago):
The people who built the temple have long since vanished.
（建造寺庙的人早就不在了。）
单句改错
1. Tom as well as four of his classmates were invited to the party.
2. Surrounding by thick bamboo and high forest, the ancient village hadn’t been discovered until the 1980s.
3. We can see the tall buildings of the company on the distance.
4. Riding a motorcycle at such a high speed on such crowded a street is very dangerous.
5. The little boy is gifted for drawing.
6. It is no doubt that China will become an advanced country in the future.
7. So far as I know, there is a bank within a hundred metres of the bus stop.
8. He failed the midterm examination and only then he realize how much time he had wasted.
9. So far, thirty-nine countries achieved the goal of reducing child death rates.
10. On his way to the airport, it occurred him all of a sudden that he had forgotten his passport.
1. were改为was 解析：由as well as 连接的并列主语的谓语动词由as well as前面的主语决定，所以此处要用第三人称单数。
2. Surrounding 改为Surrounded 解析：考查be surrounded by作状语的用法，此短语作状语时应去掉be动词，即用surrounded by作状语。
3. on改为in 解析：in the distance是固定短语，意为“在远处”。
4. 第二个such改为so 解析：so修饰后面紧跟的形容词crowded，such修饰名词。
5. for改为in 解析：短语be gifted in 相当于have a gift for。
6. It 改为There 解析：固定句型There is no doubt that... 意为“……毫无疑问”。
7. So改为As 解析：as far as 是固定短语，意为“就……所知”。
8. he 前加did 解析：考查固定结构only+时间状语+部分倒装句。
9. achieved前加have 解析：考查时态。so far意为“到目前为止”，其所在的句子要用现在完成时。
10. occurred后加to 解析：固定句型It occurred to sb. that...意为“某人突然想起某事”。
