冠词和名词讲解与练习---抽象名词的具体化
抽象名词的具体化 
1．抽象名词具体化。
具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。
(1)difficulty 困难； a difficulty 一件难事
(2)experience 经验； an experience 一次经历
(3)failure 失败； a failure一位失败者，一件失败的事
(4)knowledge 知识； a good knowledge of丰富的知识
(5)success 成功； a success一位成功者，一件成功的事
(6)surprise 惊奇； a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事
(7)honour 荣誉； an honour 一位(件) 带来荣誉的人或事
Harry is a_failure_as_a_learner_driver，because he failed to pass the driving test again.

Harry作为一个驾驶学员是失败的，因为他又一次没有通过驾驶考试。

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As it turned out，the 2012 London Olympic Games were a success.
结果是2012年伦敦奥运会是一次成功的盛会。
2．有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词。例如：
—Would you like some coffee?
——你想喝点咖啡吗？
—I would like a coffee and two beers.
——我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。

不定冠词a，an的用法 
1．不定冠词a(n) 表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain，意为“一个”。
—Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons'，please?
——请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走？
—Sorry，we don't have a Johnson here in the village.
——对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。
2．不定冠词a(n) 用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物。
Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的。
3．不定冠词a(n) 用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期前。
I was invited to have_a_good_breakfast and the restaurant we went to was excellent.
我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐，并且我们去的餐馆也很好。
It's a wise choice to use a four¬wheel drive on a snowy day.
在下雪天使用四轮车是一个明智的选择。
4．“a(n) ＋序数词”不表示排序，表示“又一、再一”。
What disappointed the Chinese most is that the national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup a_second_time，with four points from three matches.
最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯，三场比赛只得了四分。 
5．不定冠词a用于most＋形容词之前无比较含义，表示程度，意为“很，非常”。
—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
——双胞胎兄弟哪一个较容易相处？
—The younger one.He is a_most_humorous_man.
——较小的那一个，他是一个非常幽默的人。

用适当的冠词填空
1．After careful consideration，they finally decided that each child will be offered ________university education.
2．According to ________ People's Daily article,40% of the wild animals have died out in ________ past 30 years.
3．Liu Yang is ________ first woman astronaut in China who reached space.
4．One hundred thousand years ago，________ choice was simple when it came to ________ drink—there was no choice.It was water or nothing.
5．______ walk is expected to last all day，so bring ________ packed lunch.
6．I'll be busy on Sunday morning，and perhaps I'll have ________ late night.
7．Finally the climbers got to________ place which had never been visited by man.
8．My summer camp isn't good fun，but it is ________ real learning experience for me.
9．________ news that my son was admitted by Tsinghua University was ________ honor for all of my family.
10．Cooking calls for patience and time but it is ________ enjoyable experience.
答案 1.a 2.a；the 3.the 4.the；a 5.The；a 6.a  7．a 8.a 9.The；an 10.an