初中英语语法练习题二轮复习动词的语态
动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态:主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。其后的实义动词必须为及物动词,或“动词+介词”构成的及物动词短语。
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。 例如:
This jacket is made of cotton.
English is spoken in many countries in the world.
初中英语语法练习题主动语态变为被动语态
1. 要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。
2. 把主动句中的主语变成被动句中的宾语,将主格变成宾格,并由by引导。
3. 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
主动语态:动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者
被动语态:动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式 +动作执行者
We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)
→He was asked to sing an English song by us.
带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态。
谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)
→I was given a book.(间接宾语me改为主语)
→A book was given to me.(直接宾语a b ook改为主语)
短语动词变为被动语态。
a.(不及物)动词+介词:若这类短语动词是及物性的,则可用于被动语态中,如:laugh at, look after, talk about, think of 等。若这类短语动词是不及物性的则不可用于被动语态中,如:book up, look down. 等
b.(及物)动词+副词:bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等
c. 动词+副词 +介词:do away with , face up to, give into ,look down upon, make up with等
d. 动词+名词+介词:catch sight of, keep on eye on, make a fool of , pay attention to , put a n end to , set fire/light to , take notice of 等
主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有:
a.主动形式,这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。
The children need looking after.
The windows wants /requires repairing.
This point deserves mentioning.
b.有些及物动词后须加副词 (如:well, easily等), 有些英语记单词方法可不加,如:act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, strike, wash, write 等。
The cloth washes/ sells well.
The door won’t shut. The play won’t act.
c. 形容词worth后直接加动名词时,如:The book is worth reading twice.
某些作表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
The fish is not fit to eat.
d. 某些感官动词(如:feel, look, prove, smell , sound, taste, wear等) 与形容词连用时 :The water feels very cold.
The dish tastes delicious.
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