虚拟语气在条件句和其他从句中的应用
虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
1.非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法
(1)与现在事实相反
We would go with you if we_had_time.
如果我们有时间,就和你一起去。
(2)与过去事实相反
We would_have_called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.
如果昨天Harold没送我们回家,我们会打出租车回家的。
(3)与将来事实相反
If it should rain this afternoon,the basketball match would be put off.
要是今天下午下雨,篮球比赛就延期举行。
2.错综时间条件句I actually believe that we would_be in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last month.
事实上,我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话,我们现在就在西安呢。
[名师指津] 如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should,有时可把if省略,将were/had/should提至主语之前,形成倒装句;否定形式的not不可提到主语前。
Had you taken my advice,you wouldn't have failed in the examination.
如果你听了我的建议,你就不会考试不及格了。
3.含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示,而是由otherwise,but,or,without,but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。
I would_have_come_sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
我本该早一些到,但我不知道他们在等我。
虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用
1.表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等含义的动词后宾语从句和对应的表语从句、同位语从句中用虚拟语气,形式为:(should+) 动词原形。常这样用的动词有:advise劝告,demand要求,desire渴望,command命令,insist坚决要求,prefer宁愿,urge主张,order命令,recommend 劝告,建议,request要求,require要求,suggest建议,以及这些词的名词形式。
Teachers recommend parents not_allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
老师们建议父母,为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。
2.wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气。
对现在情况的假设: wish+主语+动词过去式(be用were)
I wish that I hadn't_agreed to go to Jim's party,for I have to do some extra work tonight.
我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了,因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。
3.would rather后的宾语从句中,表示愿望,意为“宁愿;但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but I'd rather he focused_more_on its culture.
乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况,但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。
4.as if,as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
He stood up and offered her his seat,as if he had_read_her_mind.
他站起来给她让座,他好像读懂了她的心思。
根据上下文和括号中的提示,用正确的虚拟语气完成段落中的句子
I'm very grateful for your help doing my study in America.Without your help,1.________(我的英语不会提高的那么快).If you were to visit China this summer,2.________(我将到机场接您).By the way,do you know how is everything going with Mr.Smith? I failed to get in touch with him after I left America.I would be very thankful 3.________(要是你能给我提供他的电子邮箱和电话号码).How I wish 4.________(我能尽快与他取得联系)!
答案 1.my English couldn't have improved so quickly
2.I would pick you up at the airport
3.if you could offer me his email address or telephone number
4.I could contact with him as soon as possible